Biology and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs

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Portugal Large Animal Veterinarian
Biology and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs
By John T. Tanacredi, Mark L. Botton, David Smith

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Pages:
218
Publisher: Springer
Edition: 2009
Language: English
ISBN: 978-0387899588

Description

The four living species of horseshoe crabs face a set of growing threats to their survival, including the erosion and/or man-made alteration of essential spawning habitat, coastal pollution, and overfishing. Horseshoe crabs are “living fossils”, with a more than 200 million year evolutionary history. Their blood provides a reagent, known as Limulus amebocyte lysate or LAL, that clots in the presence of minute quantities of bacterial endotoxin; the LAL test is the state-of-the-art methodology used to ensure that pharmaceuticals and surgical implants are free of contamination. Horseshoe crabs are an integral part of the food web in coastal marine ecosystems, and their eggs provide essential food for shorebirds in the Delaware Bay estuary each spring. The commercial fishery for horseshoe crabs, which utilizes animals for bait, contributes to the economies of coastal communities.

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