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Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Kidney
by W. H. Dantzler
Series: Zoophysiology (Volume 22)
Pages: 198
Publisher: ---
Edition: 1st ed., 1989
Language: English
ISBN-10: 3642835236
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-83523-0
Description
1. Introduction.- 1.1 The Comparative Approach.- 1.2 Environmental Requirements in Regulating the Water and Solute Composition of the Internal Environment.- 1.3 Possible Roles of Kidneys in Regulating Water and Solute Composition of the Internal Environment.- 1.4 Useful Reviews on Comparative Renal Physiology.- 2. Renal Morphology.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Gross Internal and External Morphology.- 2.2.1 General Considerations.- 2.2.2 Fishes.- 2.2.3 Amphibians.- 2.2.4 Reptiles.- 2.2.5 Birds.- 2.2.6 Mammals.- 2.2.7 General Blood Vessel Patterns.- 2.3 Fine Internal Structure.- 2.3.1 General Considerations.- 2.3.2 Glomerulus.- 2.3.3 Proximal Tubule.- 2.3.4 Early Distal Tubule.- 2.3.5 Late Distal and Collecting Tubules.- 2.3.6 Juxtaglomerular Apparatus.- 3. Initial Process in Urine Formation.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Filtration of Fluid by Glomeruli.- 3.2.1 Process of Ultrafiltrate Formation at Renal Glomeruli.- 3.2.2 Values for Single-Nephron Glomerular Filtration Rates.- 3.2.3 Changes in Whole-Kidney Glomerular Filtration Rates.- 3.2.4 Changes in Single-Nephron Filtration Rates and in Number of Filtering Nephrons.- 3.2.5 Regulation of Single-Nephron Filtration Rates and Number of Filtering Nephrons.- 3.3 Secretion of Fluid by Tubules.- 4. Transport of Inorganic Ions by Renal Tubules.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Sodium and Chloride.- 4.2.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.2.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 4.2.3 Control of Transport.- 4.3 Potassium.- 4.3.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.3.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 4.3.3 Hormonal Control.- 4.4 Hydrogen Ion.- 4.4.1 Magnitude and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.4.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 4.5 Calcium.- 4.5.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.5.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 4.5.3 Hormonal Control.- 4.6 Phosphate.- 4.6.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.6.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 4.6.3 Control by Parathyroid Hormone.- 4.7 Magnesium.- 4.7.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.7.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 4.8 Sulfate.- 4.8.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.8.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 5. Transport of Fluid by Renal Tubules.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Fluid Absorption.- 5.2.1 Magnitude and Sites of Net Absorption.- 5.2.2 Mechanism and Control of Fluid Absorption.- 5.3 Fluid Secretion.- 6. Transport of Organic Substances by Renal Tubules.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Glucose.- 6.2.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.2.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 6.3 Bicarbonate.- 6.3.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.3.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 6.4 Amino Acids.- 6.4.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.4.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 6.5 Urea.- 6.5.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.5.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 6.6 Ammonia.- 6.6.1 Magnitude and Sites of Net Secretion.- 6.6.2 Process of Production and Secretion.- 6.7 Organic Acids and Anions (Except Amino Acids, Urate, and Lactate).- 6.7.1 Direction and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.7.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 6.8 Urate.- 6.8.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.8.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 6.9 Lactate.- 6.10 Organic Cations.- 6.10.1 Direction and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.10.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 7. Diluting and Concentrating Processes.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Range of Urine Osmolality.- 7.3 Process and Sites of Dilution.- 7.4 Process of Concentration.- 7.5 Regulation of Urine Osmolality.- 8. Integrative Summary of Renal Function.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Integrative Summary Within Each of the Major Vertebrate Groups.- 8.2.1 Fishes.- 8.2.2 Amphibians.- 8.2.3 Reptiles.- 8.2.4 Birds.- 8.2.5 Mammals.- 8.3 Summary Comparisons and Contrasts of Renal Function Among Groups of Vertebrates.- 8.3.1 Glomerular Filtration Rate — Stability Versus Lability.- 8.3.2 Diluting and Concentrating Process.- 8.3.3 Sites and Mechanisms of Tubular Transport.- References.
by W. H. Dantzler
Series: Zoophysiology (Volume 22)
Pages: 198
Publisher: ---
Edition: 1st ed., 1989
Language: English
ISBN-10: 3642835236
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-83523-0
Description
1. Introduction.- 1.1 The Comparative Approach.- 1.2 Environmental Requirements in Regulating the Water and Solute Composition of the Internal Environment.- 1.3 Possible Roles of Kidneys in Regulating Water and Solute Composition of the Internal Environment.- 1.4 Useful Reviews on Comparative Renal Physiology.- 2. Renal Morphology.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Gross Internal and External Morphology.- 2.2.1 General Considerations.- 2.2.2 Fishes.- 2.2.3 Amphibians.- 2.2.4 Reptiles.- 2.2.5 Birds.- 2.2.6 Mammals.- 2.2.7 General Blood Vessel Patterns.- 2.3 Fine Internal Structure.- 2.3.1 General Considerations.- 2.3.2 Glomerulus.- 2.3.3 Proximal Tubule.- 2.3.4 Early Distal Tubule.- 2.3.5 Late Distal and Collecting Tubules.- 2.3.6 Juxtaglomerular Apparatus.- 3. Initial Process in Urine Formation.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Filtration of Fluid by Glomeruli.- 3.2.1 Process of Ultrafiltrate Formation at Renal Glomeruli.- 3.2.2 Values for Single-Nephron Glomerular Filtration Rates.- 3.2.3 Changes in Whole-Kidney Glomerular Filtration Rates.- 3.2.4 Changes in Single-Nephron Filtration Rates and in Number of Filtering Nephrons.- 3.2.5 Regulation of Single-Nephron Filtration Rates and Number of Filtering Nephrons.- 3.3 Secretion of Fluid by Tubules.- 4. Transport of Inorganic Ions by Renal Tubules.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Sodium and Chloride.- 4.2.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.2.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 4.2.3 Control of Transport.- 4.3 Potassium.- 4.3.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.3.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 4.3.3 Hormonal Control.- 4.4 Hydrogen Ion.- 4.4.1 Magnitude and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.4.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 4.5 Calcium.- 4.5.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.5.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 4.5.3 Hormonal Control.- 4.6 Phosphate.- 4.6.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.6.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 4.6.3 Control by Parathyroid Hormone.- 4.7 Magnesium.- 4.7.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.7.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 4.8 Sulfate.- 4.8.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 4.8.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 5. Transport of Fluid by Renal Tubules.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Fluid Absorption.- 5.2.1 Magnitude and Sites of Net Absorption.- 5.2.2 Mechanism and Control of Fluid Absorption.- 5.3 Fluid Secretion.- 6. Transport of Organic Substances by Renal Tubules.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Glucose.- 6.2.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.2.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 6.3 Bicarbonate.- 6.3.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.3.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 6.4 Amino Acids.- 6.4.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.4.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 6.5 Urea.- 6.5.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.5.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 6.6 Ammonia.- 6.6.1 Magnitude and Sites of Net Secretion.- 6.6.2 Process of Production and Secretion.- 6.7 Organic Acids and Anions (Except Amino Acids, Urate, and Lactate).- 6.7.1 Direction and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.7.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 6.8 Urate.- 6.8.1 Direction, Magnitude, and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.8.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 6.9 Lactate.- 6.10 Organic Cations.- 6.10.1 Direction and Sites of Net Transport.- 6.10.2 Mechanism of Transport.- 7. Diluting and Concentrating Processes.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Range of Urine Osmolality.- 7.3 Process and Sites of Dilution.- 7.4 Process of Concentration.- 7.5 Regulation of Urine Osmolality.- 8. Integrative Summary of Renal Function.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Integrative Summary Within Each of the Major Vertebrate Groups.- 8.2.1 Fishes.- 8.2.2 Amphibians.- 8.2.3 Reptiles.- 8.2.4 Birds.- 8.2.5 Mammals.- 8.3 Summary Comparisons and Contrasts of Renal Function Among Groups of Vertebrates.- 8.3.1 Glomerular Filtration Rate — Stability Versus Lability.- 8.3.2 Diluting and Concentrating Process.- 8.3.3 Sites and Mechanisms of Tubular Transport.- References.
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